80 Fl Oz To Cups
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the earth's favorite movie characters to life, The Sorcerer of Oz (1939) had and then much going on backside the emerald mantle and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In award of the 80th ceremony of the flick, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and learn more than nearly the secrets and fun facts that make the love film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Moving picture
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a role in the 1939 picture show adaptation. Hamilton called her amanuensis to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a unmarried female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work fourth dimension. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the stop, Hamilton was on set for iii months, just many of her scenes were cutting for being as well scary for audiences.
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, merely that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-year-old Garland had to habiliment a corset-like device then she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Manager Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (equally any preadolescent girl would…?). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate manager George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Dandy Moving picture Magic
The Magician of Oz employs a lot of corking motion picture tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald Metropolis, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black fume.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special furnishings team spread black ink across the lesser of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in contrary and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting concluded with the ominous "Or Die — W W Due west."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Really Unsafe
One of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to encounter the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snowfall. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It's actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the wellness risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was still Hollywood'south preferred choice for fake snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch whatever snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow'southward Makeup Stuck Effectually for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Human being'southward) willingness to trade parts with him for more than reasons than ane. The Can Human'due south aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was better than Ebsen's, he still had some issues. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. After the picture show wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more than a twelvemonth to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and red fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, information technology may take instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the offset take, the fume rose from a hidden trapdoor too early.
For the second take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor every bit planned, only her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared upward. Her copper-containing makeup heated upward instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her hands and face up. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more than painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys every bit they're called in the source material — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost equally scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thank you to the magic of piano wires.
Still, the aeriform stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cutting downward on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to help populate the heaven.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no 1's surprise, the American Flick Constitute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland's career was nearly cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song fabricated the Kansas scenes likewise long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't sympathise the song'due south significant. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's bawling reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Can Man Costume Didn't Permit Jack Haley to Residual Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a 90-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have it easy either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and so stiff that he had to lean against a board to residue properly. Many years later, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same upshot with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't help folks escape all their bug.
The Original Tin can Man Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, simply traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen's new grapheme, the Tin Man, caused him a slew of issues. Namely, the graphic symbol'southward argent makeup independent a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed upwardly the makeup), simply didn't explicate why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the last movie, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave U.s.a. the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that actually hold up. The funnel itself was really a 35-foot long stocking fabricated of muslin. The special effects team spun information technology around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale firm, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is merely a miniature firm that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers and then reversed the footage to make information technology look like the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upward So Either
Pay inequality has always been an effect in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular character in Walt Disney'southward Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance, though the motion-picture show went on to make roughly $8 million.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was better than Caselotti'due south — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it still didn't reflect the film's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A existent yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might bandage its mascot — the bodily king of beasts used in the studio'due south championship card — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animate being, the filmmakers decided to bandage actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from existent lion skin. However, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each night, two stagehands dried the costume for the next twenty-four hours.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's nearly $fifty million adjusted for aggrandizement. Upon its initial release, the movie only earned $iii million at the box office — most $51.8 million by today'south standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, remember that Disney made $eight million with Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's minor success in the U.S. barely covered production and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — merely success overseas fortunately bolstered the film's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Also"
Judy Garland was just 16 years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to young actors to help them sleep after studios shot them up with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her dissentious contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. Co-ordinate to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her picayune more their 'belongings.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy nutrition of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Vox of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney'southward characteristic-length animated movie Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a nail-striking. Not merely did the motion picture revolutionize the animation industry, information technology also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the most successful film of all fourth dimension — with an adaptation of The Magician of Oz, only MGM endemic the rights. Past happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin can Man'south "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally argent, only screenwriter Noel Langley felt the carmine color would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM'south chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in near ii,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota'south Judy Garland Museum in 2005, only the FBI recovered the slippers for the establishment in 2018.
Only 1 Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy'south quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another globe — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Every bit was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted past studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the but location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the existent deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is i of the virtually honey dogs in motion picture history. Terry was famously non a huge fan of special effects and can often exist seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Can Human being spouts out all of that steam.
Later on one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through 2 doubles to find one that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so addicted of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In improver to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her graphic symbol was more but your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More 35 years after the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to prove kids information technology was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the grapheme.
According to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was also a sorry, lone figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly plenty, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch'due south graphic symbol.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Fabricated Possible Thanks to a Food Production
In 1939, audiences were simply equally amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin can Man and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different color" was made possible cheers to a surprising food item…
Clot-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to movement quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweetness treat. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn carriage was in one case owned by President Abraham Lincoln and at present resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Section Hired Actress Easily
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, and then many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy film. To go along upwardly with the daily demands, MGM chosen upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming associates line. Most actors had to make it before 5:00 in the morning — six days a week! — to brainstorm the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Film
The film is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and information technology has the great fortune of existence responsible for some of the well-nigh quoted lines in movie history too. In 2007, Premiere compiled a listing of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the motion picture'due south lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that man backside the mantle" was voted #24, while "There'south no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling nosotros're non in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "horse of a different colour" sequence, some other iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the ability of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly afterward Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the immature girl'due south feet. However, burn strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "fire" is really apple tree juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to make it look more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and function problem-solving for filmmakers. In gild to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which often heated the fix to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would wait best on film, peculiarly in colorized form. For case, the white office of Dorothy's dress is really pink — simply because it filmed improve. And the oil the Tin Human is so excited about? It'due south really chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the Eastward Makes More Than I Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the Due west'due south beef with Dorothy is that the immature girl dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the E, who was the brusk-lived owner of the red slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the Westward and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch exterior the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the moving-picture show makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Film's Running Time Was Cut Downwards Several Times
The first cut of the film clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like naught by today's Curiosity movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
Afterward cut the famed "Jitterbug" number and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a 2nd preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy'due south "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Metropolis reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a man beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
And then Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers accounted Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the Due west functioning too frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. But not anybody thought her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'due south nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film'southward starring foes were actually friends. Ane story that emerged from the ready described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences past Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem equally though the entire picture show was shot in colour. Was this done deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical faux pas?
It'south widely believed this was a bit of a stunt washed to enhance the surprise of the picture turning into full iii-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the pic'due south debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "blackness-and-white"), calculation acceptance to this theory.
Ane of History's Nearly-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved pop in theaters, another motion-picture show released the aforementioned twelvemonth, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You lot may have heard of that piffling motion picture — it'south called Gone with the Wind.) All the same, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, cheers in function to re-releases.
The film was starting time broadcast on goggle box on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 one thousand thousand viewers. It'southward believed that The Sorcerer of Oz is one of the 10 nearly-watched characteristic-length movies in moving-picture show history, largely due to the number of annual television set screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
80 Fl Oz To Cups,
Source: https://www.ask.com/tv-movies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex&ueid=76d73080-4dd7-4d00-938a-5b584894ccf9
Posted by: hamelwithris.blogspot.com
0 Response to "80 Fl Oz To Cups"
Post a Comment